Of course there is another level at which authors do consciously work on their style and even imitate others sometimes, but what is identified by the stylometric analysis here is a unique authorial profile that works at a yet deeper and unselfconscious level.Īccording to this family of measures, a text is viewed as a mere sequence of characters. The method is based on the idea that every author has a stylistic “fingerprint” that is subconscious and hence unable to be normally recognized by readers, and hence unable to be hidden or copied. Lk is the text of known authorship, and Lu is the section of disputed or proxy disputed or unknown text: The stylometric analysis of each one of these fifteen fragments was then compared, in turn, with the remainder of the Pliny set. Finally, the PT was compared to see if was as close or as different in its comparison with the main body as were each of the other fifteen sections. If you prefer visuals to words here is Tuccinardi’s diagram to clarify the process. The text of the remainder of Pliny’s letters was divided up into fifteen sections about the same length as the PT. Pliny’s letter 96 (called the PT - the Plinian Testimonium) was separated from the others. The letters of Pliny in Book 10 were isolated from Trajan’s and other correspondence. In brief, what Tuccinardi has shown is that a stylometric analysis of Pliny’s letter about the Christians is as stylistically different from the remainder of Pliny’s letters to Trajan as are letters of Cicero and Seneca.

I’ve read some of those early debates and the article by Sherwin-White that seems to have settled the argument in favour of the authenticity of Pliny’s letter 10.96, and although a few doubts have never completely vanished, I have decided it wisest to accept the letter as genuine, at least for the sake of argument, pending any new evidence that might surface. The findings of this analysis tend to contradict received opinion among modern scholars, affirming the authenticity of Pliny’s letter, and suggest instead the presence of large amounts of interpolation inside the text of the letter, since its stylistic behaviour appears highly different from that of the rest of Book X. After analysing various kinds of internal and external evidence in favour of and against the authenticity of the letter, a modern stylometric method is applied in order to examine whether internal linguistic evidence allows one to definitely settle the debate. A serious quarrel among scholars concerning its genuineness arose between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th per contra, Plinian authorship has not been seriously questioned in the last few decades. Pliny the Younger’s letter to Trajan regarding the Christians is a crucial subject for the studies on early Christianity. I’ll explain some of the details later, but to begin with I’ll set out an overview of how Tuccinardi studied the style of the Pliny’s famous letter against the rest of his letters to Trajan. The article with its bibliography have introduced me to recent developments in various techniques of author attribution studies. These letters are the earliest evidence for Christianity found outside Christian sources and after the controversial references in Josephus. Letters 96 and 97 are the famous exchange over the question of what to do about the Christians. Author: Enrico Tuccinardi.īook 10 of Pliny the Younger‘s letters consist of his correspondence with the emperor Trajan when he was governor of Bithynia/Pontus. A new article appearing in the peer-reviewed Digital Scholarship in the Humanities: An Application of a Profile-Based Method for Authorship Verification: Investigating the Authenticity of Pliny the Younger’s Letter to Trajan Concerning the Christians.

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